Amazing Egypt – More than Just the Wonders of
Antiquity
By Andrew Muigai
Egypt is one of the most fascinating destinations on the world
tourist map. This extra ordinary country is today the favourite
vacation spot for many, just like it was in the days of the early
Greeks and Romans. The thoroughly cultured Greeks, in
particular, were fascinated by this civilization that predated theirs
by at least 2000 years. The biggest draw continues to be the
amazing abundance of historical treasures- temples, pyramids
and museums –contained in this one country. But the destination
offers more than just the wonders of antiquity. Your visit to Egypt
can be rounded off by a cruise down the Nile and a beach
vacation at the top notch Red Sea and Sinai resorts.
The unification of the Kingdoms of Lower and Upper Egypt
around BC 3180 marks the point from when Egypt became a
significant power. This event is credited with Menes, who thus
became the first Pharaoh. Menes went on to establish a new
capital at Memphis, just to the south of where Cairo stands today.
For the next 3000 years and under 30 dynasties of the Pharaohs,
a dynamic and culturally sophisticated civilization flourished. It
was not however smooth sailing for the descendants of Menes
and power was for short periods in the hands of foreigners.
Historians who as usual want to simplify things, have divided up
the reign of the Pharaohs into three periods: the Old Kingdom
(2575-2134 BC), Middle Kingdom (2040-1640 BC) and New
Kingdom (1550-1070 BC).
It is a curious fact that most monuments of the Pharaohs relate to
death. Though moderns may view this as an unhealthy
preoccupation with death, some scholars see it as an indication
of the ancient Egyptians great love for life and desire for
continued existence. The pyramid was the highest evolution in
the practice of preparing elaborate tombs for the departed.
Pyramids were the final resting place, from where the Pharaohs
enjoyed the afterlife. The most famous of these edifices are the
Pyramids of Giza, built in the 4th Dynasty (2575-2465 BC), when
the power of these ancient kings was at its peak.
Religion was another reason for the great monuments of ancient
Egypt. The deities found deserving of worship were truly diverse.
And many, many temples were built in honour of these gods.
Temples for the most esteemed gods were quite elaborate and
were administered by high priests. Auxiliary buildings housed
libraries, granaries, and what may today be considered as
research laboratories for astronomers, biologists and other
scientists. Most gods were linked with specific animals and to
whom special powers were attributed. Some gods came and
went, but the sun god was one of the most enduring. It has been
suggested that the design of the pyramids had some association
with practices of the sun cult. The Pharaoh was considered to be
a living god.
The Greeks, in the name of Alexander the Great finally brought the
Age of the Pharaohs to an end in 332 BC. He founded that city
that bears his name, Alexandria. The Greeks ushered in a period
of comparative prosperity and stability under descendants of
Ptolemy. Ptolemy was the Macedonian general who was
appointed by Alexander as governor. The Pharos Lighthouse, one
of the seven wonders of the ancient world and the Great Library of
Alexandria were built in this era.
As the Greeks declined, so did the Romans rise, and they too
cast a covetous eye upon Egypt. The last of the Ptolomies was
the notorious Cleopatra, lover to both Julius Caesar and Mark
Antony. The Roman Empire too declined Egypt and was torn
apart by foreign armies. The most significant event at this time
was the invasion of the Arabs in 462 AD. Though other foreigners
including Ottoman Turks, French and the British, subsequently
ruled the country, it is the Arabs who brought Islam whose legacy
has been the most enduring.
Egypt is today a modern vibrant nation that carries the burden of
its 5,000-year history graciously. Just like in ancient times, the
Nile sustains the country and upto 95% of the population live in
close proximity of the river. The rest of the country is desolate
desert, mitigated only by a few isolated oases and the habitable
narrow strips along the African Red Sea and the Mediterranean
coastlines.
According to the tourism ministry, Egypt for the visitor is best seen
as six tourist super-sites. This covers the most popular
destinations and excludes off-the-beaten-track locations. The six
super-sites are anchored on: Cairo, Alexandria, Luxor, Aswan,
Hurghada on the Red Sea and Sharm El Sheikh in Sinai. Except
for Luxor, none of these destinations relies entirely on ancient
monuments to attract visitors. Egypt tours and vacations are very
competitively priced relative to other destinations.
Cairo is a huge, sprawling and chaotic metropolis. It has all the
amenities of a modern city and is the usual gateway for the visitor
to Egypt. Cairo is a young city relative to nearby Heliopolis, Giza
and Memphis that are associated with the Pharaohs. The city
began as a Roman trading post called Babylon- in the area now
referred to as Coptic Cairo. The area was a settlement of one of
the world’s first Christian communities. This predominantly
Christian locale houses a museum that is a repository of
religious art, manuscripts, paintings and pottery.
But it is the Arab invaders who arrived in the 7th century who can
be said to have founded the city. They settled just north of the
area referred to as Old Cairo. The medieval district of Islamic
Cairo is densely packed with people and lots of mosques and
temples. This is where many still go during the month of
Ramadan to eat and spend the night after a days’ fast. Giza on
the Niles’ west bank is where you find the Great Pyramids. These
truly magnificent monuments were one of the Seven Wonders of
the Ancient World. You will appreciate the achievement of the
builders of these edifices when you reflect on the fact that until the
19th century they were the world’s largest buildings.
The visitor to Cairo will easily tuck in trips to see museums,
mosques and monuments such as Pyramids and the Sphinx. To
commemorate your visit to this unforgettable city, visit the Khan el-
Khalili Bazaar. The wide array of souvenirs on sale here includes
jewelry, brass, silver and copperware, carpets, perfumes,
alabaster and soapstone carvings. You will also find
reproductions of antiquities, which you are advised to buy as
opposed to anything presented as original. Such “originals” are
usually counterfeit, and it is in any case illegal to export the real
article.
Alexandria, monument to Alexander the Great, is located 180 km
to the northwest of Cairo. The city has a Mediterranean temper
and compared to the hothouse of Cairo has a cooler and more
pleasant climate. The Greco-Roman Museum is within central
Alexandria and has on display artifacts from the period 300 BC to
AD 300. You will see mummies, sarcophaguses, pottery,
tapestries and the granite sculpture of the bull god Apis. Other
sights in the area include the Roman Amphitheater, the Royal
Jewelry Museum and the Roman era catacombs of Kom el-
Shukafa.
The island of Pharos, near the harbour is the site of the Great
Lighthouse, one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World.
Today, what remains on the site is a 15th century fortress. After
immersing yourself in antiquity, you can take a dip at some beach
resorts within 20 km to the west of the city. At the resort of Marsa
Matruh, 230 km further on, you will find some excellent beaches
and an opportunity for reef diving. This area right from Alexandria
along the coast is part of Egypt's Med. It is still relatively
undeveloped despite long stretches of white sand beaches and
turquoise waters.
If your primary interest is ancient Egypt, bear in mind that about
80% of Egyptian antiquities are in the vicinity of Luxor. The city sits
on the site of the ancient city of Thebes and together with the
surrounding areas carries magnificent treasures of antiquity such
as palaces, temples and royal tombs. The royals of those times
whiled their afterlife at what is referred today as the Valley of the
Kings, Valley of the Queens and Tombs of the Nobles. The tombs
contained treasure that has been plundered over the centuries.
Some of the more famous tombs are those of the boy king
Tutankhamen and the queen Nefertari.
On the east bank of the Nile you find the Temple of Luxor and the
Temple of Karnak, packed with obelisks, wall murals and statues
with heads of gods. If you overnight here, enjoy the evening
sound-and-light show at the Temple of Karnak. Temples on the
west bank are Queen Hatshepsut’s Temple and The
Ramesseum, a once massive edifice that is today mostly a ruin.
You need to spend at least two days here for your trip to be
worthwhile. You are also advised to hire a guide who can explain
the historical context of each artifact or monuments. Start out early
each day before the day-trippers, airlifted from Cairo arrive to
crowd you out.
Aswan, a scenic town by the Nile lies 680 km to the south of
Cairo, in the region that was so long ago known as Lower Egypt.
Though not as numerous as elsewhere, you can find temples
and tombs at those two islands in the Nile- Elephantine and
Kitcheners islands. You can get to the islands by sailing in a
felucca. The Nubian Museum celebrates the history and culture of
the Nubian people. Aswan is also important in the history of
Coptic Christians and the ruins of the 7th-century Coptic
monastery of St. Simeon laze in this area. In today’s Egypt, Aswan
is important as the location of the High Dam that finally put an
end to the annual bursting of the banks of the Nile.
The Red Sea is well known to readers of the Bible as the sea that
God parted with his own hand so that Moses and his people
could cross over to Sinai. So named because of its red tint
mountain ranges, it is home to a number of resorts, the biggest
of which is Hurghada. The underwater world of the Red Sea is
alive with over 800 fish species and the deep-sea fishing is
excellent. Snorkellers can explore the coral reef that is reputed to
be one of the finest in the world. Hurghada aside, there are other
resorts in the area that have good beaches, coral reefs and some
golfing too. The modern day traveler escaping the city will
empathise with the early Christian hermits who built their
monasteries here as they sought to get away from it all.
Hurghada lies 380 km to the southeast of Cairo.
Sinai is where Africa meets Asia. Like the Red Sea coast, it has
top resorts and is great for water sports. Sharm El Sheikh,
towards the southern tip of the Sinai Peninsula is the most
developed resort town. Here you will find entertainment in the
form of casinos and nightclubs and also some good shopping
malls. The marine life is abundant and the coral reefs are great.
Sinai is also where the three great monotheistic religions meet.
You can make an excursion to Mt. Horeb, said to be Mt. Sinai
where Moses received the Ten Commandments. For Roman
Catholics, emulate Pope John Paul II who visited nearby St.
Catherine's Monastery in 2000. The monastery is supposed to sit
on the site of Moses' burning bush.
The people of Egypt from antiquity to the present day have always
built their lives around the Nile. It is no coincidence therefore, that
probably the best way to see the major sites is by taking a Nile
Cruise. There are several luxury cruise ships offering Nile
Cruises. The longer cruise goes all the way from Cairo to Aswan
in two weeks. There is however not much to see between Cairo
and Luxor and you will get better value if you take the shorter
cruise between Luxor and Aswan. This cruise, which normally
takes six days, goes in both directions and you can embark at
either Aswan or Luxor. You can get to Luxor or Aswan from Cairo
by taking a flight or the overnight sleeper train. The adventurous
and thrifty can also sail along the Nile by using traditional boats,
feluccas.
The summer in Egypt, which falls between April and October, is
hot and dry. The winters are mild with cold nights. The best time
to visit is between November and March, outside the intolerable
summer season. Light clothing is generally recommended
though you may need a sweater and jacket for winter evenings.
Remember that this is a Muslim country and dress for women in
particular is expected to be modest. All the same, immodest
western style holiday dress is acceptable in nightclubs, beaches
and hotels in Cairo and other locations frequented by tourists.
In the cities and locations popular with tourists, you will find a
wide variety of accommodation ranging from 5-star luxury to
budget lodging. This in particular covers: Cairo, Alexandria and
the north coast, Luxor, Aswan and at the Red Sea and Sinai
resorts towns. During the popular winter season, advance
booking is advised. Egypt hotels and resorts are very good value
and you will find accommodation cheaper here than the
equivalent in most other destinations.
Copyright © Africa Point
Author
Andrew Muigai is editor of AfricaPoint Insider online newsletter. It
is part of AfricaPoint.com- the Africa travel website that has
helped thousands of travelers discover Africa. You can view more
info on Egypt tours and vacations at the website.
Antiquity
By Andrew Muigai
Egypt is one of the most fascinating destinations on the world
tourist map. This extra ordinary country is today the favourite
vacation spot for many, just like it was in the days of the early
Greeks and Romans. The thoroughly cultured Greeks, in
particular, were fascinated by this civilization that predated theirs
by at least 2000 years. The biggest draw continues to be the
amazing abundance of historical treasures- temples, pyramids
and museums –contained in this one country. But the destination
offers more than just the wonders of antiquity. Your visit to Egypt
can be rounded off by a cruise down the Nile and a beach
vacation at the top notch Red Sea and Sinai resorts.
The unification of the Kingdoms of Lower and Upper Egypt
around BC 3180 marks the point from when Egypt became a
significant power. This event is credited with Menes, who thus
became the first Pharaoh. Menes went on to establish a new
capital at Memphis, just to the south of where Cairo stands today.
For the next 3000 years and under 30 dynasties of the Pharaohs,
a dynamic and culturally sophisticated civilization flourished. It
was not however smooth sailing for the descendants of Menes
and power was for short periods in the hands of foreigners.
Historians who as usual want to simplify things, have divided up
the reign of the Pharaohs into three periods: the Old Kingdom
(2575-2134 BC), Middle Kingdom (2040-1640 BC) and New
Kingdom (1550-1070 BC).
It is a curious fact that most monuments of the Pharaohs relate to
death. Though moderns may view this as an unhealthy
preoccupation with death, some scholars see it as an indication
of the ancient Egyptians great love for life and desire for
continued existence. The pyramid was the highest evolution in
the practice of preparing elaborate tombs for the departed.
Pyramids were the final resting place, from where the Pharaohs
enjoyed the afterlife. The most famous of these edifices are the
Pyramids of Giza, built in the 4th Dynasty (2575-2465 BC), when
the power of these ancient kings was at its peak.
Religion was another reason for the great monuments of ancient
Egypt. The deities found deserving of worship were truly diverse.
And many, many temples were built in honour of these gods.
Temples for the most esteemed gods were quite elaborate and
were administered by high priests. Auxiliary buildings housed
libraries, granaries, and what may today be considered as
research laboratories for astronomers, biologists and other
scientists. Most gods were linked with specific animals and to
whom special powers were attributed. Some gods came and
went, but the sun god was one of the most enduring. It has been
suggested that the design of the pyramids had some association
with practices of the sun cult. The Pharaoh was considered to be
a living god.
The Greeks, in the name of Alexander the Great finally brought the
Age of the Pharaohs to an end in 332 BC. He founded that city
that bears his name, Alexandria. The Greeks ushered in a period
of comparative prosperity and stability under descendants of
Ptolemy. Ptolemy was the Macedonian general who was
appointed by Alexander as governor. The Pharos Lighthouse, one
of the seven wonders of the ancient world and the Great Library of
Alexandria were built in this era.
As the Greeks declined, so did the Romans rise, and they too
cast a covetous eye upon Egypt. The last of the Ptolomies was
the notorious Cleopatra, lover to both Julius Caesar and Mark
Antony. The Roman Empire too declined Egypt and was torn
apart by foreign armies. The most significant event at this time
was the invasion of the Arabs in 462 AD. Though other foreigners
including Ottoman Turks, French and the British, subsequently
ruled the country, it is the Arabs who brought Islam whose legacy
has been the most enduring.
Egypt is today a modern vibrant nation that carries the burden of
its 5,000-year history graciously. Just like in ancient times, the
Nile sustains the country and upto 95% of the population live in
close proximity of the river. The rest of the country is desolate
desert, mitigated only by a few isolated oases and the habitable
narrow strips along the African Red Sea and the Mediterranean
coastlines.
According to the tourism ministry, Egypt for the visitor is best seen
as six tourist super-sites. This covers the most popular
destinations and excludes off-the-beaten-track locations. The six
super-sites are anchored on: Cairo, Alexandria, Luxor, Aswan,
Hurghada on the Red Sea and Sharm El Sheikh in Sinai. Except
for Luxor, none of these destinations relies entirely on ancient
monuments to attract visitors. Egypt tours and vacations are very
competitively priced relative to other destinations.
Cairo is a huge, sprawling and chaotic metropolis. It has all the
amenities of a modern city and is the usual gateway for the visitor
to Egypt. Cairo is a young city relative to nearby Heliopolis, Giza
and Memphis that are associated with the Pharaohs. The city
began as a Roman trading post called Babylon- in the area now
referred to as Coptic Cairo. The area was a settlement of one of
the world’s first Christian communities. This predominantly
Christian locale houses a museum that is a repository of
religious art, manuscripts, paintings and pottery.
But it is the Arab invaders who arrived in the 7th century who can
be said to have founded the city. They settled just north of the
area referred to as Old Cairo. The medieval district of Islamic
Cairo is densely packed with people and lots of mosques and
temples. This is where many still go during the month of
Ramadan to eat and spend the night after a days’ fast. Giza on
the Niles’ west bank is where you find the Great Pyramids. These
truly magnificent monuments were one of the Seven Wonders of
the Ancient World. You will appreciate the achievement of the
builders of these edifices when you reflect on the fact that until the
19th century they were the world’s largest buildings.
The visitor to Cairo will easily tuck in trips to see museums,
mosques and monuments such as Pyramids and the Sphinx. To
commemorate your visit to this unforgettable city, visit the Khan el-
Khalili Bazaar. The wide array of souvenirs on sale here includes
jewelry, brass, silver and copperware, carpets, perfumes,
alabaster and soapstone carvings. You will also find
reproductions of antiquities, which you are advised to buy as
opposed to anything presented as original. Such “originals” are
usually counterfeit, and it is in any case illegal to export the real
article.
Alexandria, monument to Alexander the Great, is located 180 km
to the northwest of Cairo. The city has a Mediterranean temper
and compared to the hothouse of Cairo has a cooler and more
pleasant climate. The Greco-Roman Museum is within central
Alexandria and has on display artifacts from the period 300 BC to
AD 300. You will see mummies, sarcophaguses, pottery,
tapestries and the granite sculpture of the bull god Apis. Other
sights in the area include the Roman Amphitheater, the Royal
Jewelry Museum and the Roman era catacombs of Kom el-
Shukafa.
The island of Pharos, near the harbour is the site of the Great
Lighthouse, one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World.
Today, what remains on the site is a 15th century fortress. After
immersing yourself in antiquity, you can take a dip at some beach
resorts within 20 km to the west of the city. At the resort of Marsa
Matruh, 230 km further on, you will find some excellent beaches
and an opportunity for reef diving. This area right from Alexandria
along the coast is part of Egypt's Med. It is still relatively
undeveloped despite long stretches of white sand beaches and
turquoise waters.
If your primary interest is ancient Egypt, bear in mind that about
80% of Egyptian antiquities are in the vicinity of Luxor. The city sits
on the site of the ancient city of Thebes and together with the
surrounding areas carries magnificent treasures of antiquity such
as palaces, temples and royal tombs. The royals of those times
whiled their afterlife at what is referred today as the Valley of the
Kings, Valley of the Queens and Tombs of the Nobles. The tombs
contained treasure that has been plundered over the centuries.
Some of the more famous tombs are those of the boy king
Tutankhamen and the queen Nefertari.
On the east bank of the Nile you find the Temple of Luxor and the
Temple of Karnak, packed with obelisks, wall murals and statues
with heads of gods. If you overnight here, enjoy the evening
sound-and-light show at the Temple of Karnak. Temples on the
west bank are Queen Hatshepsut’s Temple and The
Ramesseum, a once massive edifice that is today mostly a ruin.
You need to spend at least two days here for your trip to be
worthwhile. You are also advised to hire a guide who can explain
the historical context of each artifact or monuments. Start out early
each day before the day-trippers, airlifted from Cairo arrive to
crowd you out.
Aswan, a scenic town by the Nile lies 680 km to the south of
Cairo, in the region that was so long ago known as Lower Egypt.
Though not as numerous as elsewhere, you can find temples
and tombs at those two islands in the Nile- Elephantine and
Kitcheners islands. You can get to the islands by sailing in a
felucca. The Nubian Museum celebrates the history and culture of
the Nubian people. Aswan is also important in the history of
Coptic Christians and the ruins of the 7th-century Coptic
monastery of St. Simeon laze in this area. In today’s Egypt, Aswan
is important as the location of the High Dam that finally put an
end to the annual bursting of the banks of the Nile.
The Red Sea is well known to readers of the Bible as the sea that
God parted with his own hand so that Moses and his people
could cross over to Sinai. So named because of its red tint
mountain ranges, it is home to a number of resorts, the biggest
of which is Hurghada. The underwater world of the Red Sea is
alive with over 800 fish species and the deep-sea fishing is
excellent. Snorkellers can explore the coral reef that is reputed to
be one of the finest in the world. Hurghada aside, there are other
resorts in the area that have good beaches, coral reefs and some
golfing too. The modern day traveler escaping the city will
empathise with the early Christian hermits who built their
monasteries here as they sought to get away from it all.
Hurghada lies 380 km to the southeast of Cairo.
Sinai is where Africa meets Asia. Like the Red Sea coast, it has
top resorts and is great for water sports. Sharm El Sheikh,
towards the southern tip of the Sinai Peninsula is the most
developed resort town. Here you will find entertainment in the
form of casinos and nightclubs and also some good shopping
malls. The marine life is abundant and the coral reefs are great.
Sinai is also where the three great monotheistic religions meet.
You can make an excursion to Mt. Horeb, said to be Mt. Sinai
where Moses received the Ten Commandments. For Roman
Catholics, emulate Pope John Paul II who visited nearby St.
Catherine's Monastery in 2000. The monastery is supposed to sit
on the site of Moses' burning bush.
The people of Egypt from antiquity to the present day have always
built their lives around the Nile. It is no coincidence therefore, that
probably the best way to see the major sites is by taking a Nile
Cruise. There are several luxury cruise ships offering Nile
Cruises. The longer cruise goes all the way from Cairo to Aswan
in two weeks. There is however not much to see between Cairo
and Luxor and you will get better value if you take the shorter
cruise between Luxor and Aswan. This cruise, which normally
takes six days, goes in both directions and you can embark at
either Aswan or Luxor. You can get to Luxor or Aswan from Cairo
by taking a flight or the overnight sleeper train. The adventurous
and thrifty can also sail along the Nile by using traditional boats,
feluccas.
The summer in Egypt, which falls between April and October, is
hot and dry. The winters are mild with cold nights. The best time
to visit is between November and March, outside the intolerable
summer season. Light clothing is generally recommended
though you may need a sweater and jacket for winter evenings.
Remember that this is a Muslim country and dress for women in
particular is expected to be modest. All the same, immodest
western style holiday dress is acceptable in nightclubs, beaches
and hotels in Cairo and other locations frequented by tourists.
In the cities and locations popular with tourists, you will find a
wide variety of accommodation ranging from 5-star luxury to
budget lodging. This in particular covers: Cairo, Alexandria and
the north coast, Luxor, Aswan and at the Red Sea and Sinai
resorts towns. During the popular winter season, advance
booking is advised. Egypt hotels and resorts are very good value
and you will find accommodation cheaper here than the
equivalent in most other destinations.
Copyright © Africa Point
Author
Andrew Muigai is editor of AfricaPoint Insider online newsletter. It
is part of AfricaPoint.com- the Africa travel website that has
helped thousands of travelers discover Africa. You can view more
info on Egypt tours and vacations at the website.
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